Why are elephants dying in Kerala? 845 deaths in eight years raise concerns

Thiruvananthapuram: The alarming decline in the elephant population in Kerala has raised serious concerns about the future of these majestic creatures. Over the past eight years, a staggering 845 elephants have died in the state, according to the Kerala Forest Department. This trend poses a significant threat to India's Project Elephant, aimed at conserving the species.

Rising Elephant Mortality Rate

A recent study by the Kerala Forest Department, covering the period from 2015 to 2023, reveals a disturbing increase in the death rate of elephants. The department's records show that 845 elephants died during these eight years, raising alarms among conservationists and wildlife experts. Elephants typically have a lifespan of 50 to 70 years, making this mortality rate particularly concerning.

The study also highlighted a troubling trend: a higher mortality rate among elephants under ten years old, with a death rate of 40% in this age group. This data underscores the urgency of addressing the factors contributing to the premature deaths of young elephants.

Causes of Elephant Deaths

The Kerala Forest Department's report identifies Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Hemorrhagic Disease (EEHVHD) as a major cause of death, particularly among young elephants. This disease, though generally present among elephants, has become increasingly lethal. The report also references a recent study from Sri Lanka, providing detailed insights into the patterns of elephant deaths.

Interestingly, the report indicates that young elephants living in larger herds have a higher survival rate, suggesting the presence of herd immunity. This finding emphasizes the importance of maintaining robust herd structures for the conservation of elephants.

Shrinking Natural Habitat

The report points to another critical issue: the shrinking natural habitat of elephants. Experts warn that the continuous reduction in available land is forcing elephants into smaller, fragmented herds, which impacts their survival. Habitat loss, driven by human activities and climate change, is significantly affecting elephant populations worldwide.

Urgent Need for Conservation Efforts

The declining elephant population in Kerala mirrors a global trend, highlighting the need for urgent conservation measures. Protecting the natural habitats of elephants and addressing climate change are crucial steps to ensure their survival. Without immediate action, the future of these magnificent creatures remains bleak, and the iconic trumpet of the elephant may become a rare sound.

In conclusion, the situation in Kerala serves as a stark reminder of the broader challenges facing elephant conservation. It calls for coordinated efforts to safeguard the remaining populations and preserve the natural environments crucial for their survival.