Divine Justice: Where Deities Stand Trial in Chhattisgarh’s Ancient Court

DHAMTARI, Chhattisgarh — In a unique and ancient tradition found in the remote areas of Dhamtari district, deities themselves are held accountable and even punished if they are deemed to have failed in their divine duties. This practice, deeply rooted in the region's tribal culture, has been observed for centuries and continues to draw thousands of people every year.

The ritual takes place annually in the month of Bhadrapada (Bhado) at the Bhanga Rao Mai temple in Kursighat Borai, a site revered as a divine court where deities from various regions, including Bastar, Odisha, and Sihawa, gather for judgment. Here, Bhanga Rao Mai presides as the chief judge, deciding the fates of other deities who are believed to have neglected their responsibilities.

An Ancient Tradition

This tradition, deeply entrenched in the local belief system, holds that any hardships or misfortunes faced by the villagers are attributed to the negligence of their deities. If a deity is accused of not performing their duties, they are brought to the Bhanga Rao Mai temple, where they stand trial. The deities are represented by the village priests and elders, who argue on their behalf. If found guilty, the deity is symbolically punished, often involving rituals such as the sacrifice of a goat or chicken.

The temple of Bhanga Rao Mai is considered a sacred court where no other deity can function without her approval. Women, however, are traditionally not allowed to enter this court during the proceedings. The belief is that deities must fulfill their duties, and failure to do so results in divine retribution.

The Trial Process

During the trial, the accused deities are symbolically placed in a dock, and the village elders, including the Sirha (tribal priest), Pujari, Gayta, and Majhi, present evidence and arguments. The proceedings are conducted with strict adherence to rituals, and after careful consideration, Bhanga Rao Mai delivers her judgment. If a deity is found guilty, the punishment is carried out immediately, reinforcing the belief in divine justice.

This year’s gathering was particularly significant as it marked the first time in generations that a deity had "changed its form," a rare event that added to the importance of the proceedings.

A Unique Tradition in Modern Times

In a world where the concept of justice is largely associated with human courts, the practice of holding deities accountable through a traditional judicial process is both unique and fascinating. While deities are generally seen as the ultimate providers of justice, this ritual flips the script, making them the ones who must answer for their actions.

This tradition not only highlights the deep spiritual connection the local community has with their deities but also serves as a reminder of the ancient customs that continue to thrive in remote corners of India, even in the face of modernization.